IPM components  

Natural enemies

Many natural enemies (predators, parasitoids, pathogens) are commonly found in most crops where they play a role in the natural control of pests. 

Some natural enemies can be mass produced and then released in the field to stimulate natural control. In some case this mass production is done in laboratories, but there are also examples of natural enemies that can be mass produced by farmers with relatively simple techniques.

Some natural enemies are produced on commercial scale by companies that sell them to the farmers. Others are produced in government funded laboratories for example in Thailand the bio-centers that were established by the Department of Agricultural extension (DOAE).

For more information on various natural enemies, click on the links.

Trichogramma parasitoid on a stamp
A well known natural enemy is the Trichogramma wasp. This tiny insect is mass produced in many countries.

 

Overview mass production of natural enemies
An overview of the various natural enemies that are mass produced at the DOAE pest management centers.

   

Parasitoids:

bulletAnastatus
bulletTrichogramma

Predators:

bulletSpiders
bulletLadybird beetles
bulletAssassin bugs
bulletLacewings
bulletEarwigs
bulletPredatory mites
bulletFrogs
bulletHover flies
bulletGround beetles

Pathogens:

bulletTrichoderma
bulletSteinernema
bulletBacillus thuringiensis
bulletViruses